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Archive for the ‘Questions…and answers’ Category

From what you describe, you’ve experienced the kind of atrophy that’s very common in post-menopausal women. Without intervention, some estimate that women lose up to 80 percent of their genitals—which is surprising to many of us, just as puberty is sometimes surprising! It’s good to act just as soon as you can, and then maintain the progress you’ve made.

From what you describe, I might recommend that you look at creams or tablets for localized hormones to start. The Estring is inserted for 90 days. Having any foreign body placed in fragile tissues causes irritation or ulcerations for some. But once you’ve achieved a healthy vagina, you could switch from other forms to the Estring, which certainly has a convenience advantage.

Adding estrogen for two to three months will tell you what other actions might be helpful. Along with the vaginal tissues becoming fragile and thin without estrogen, the vagina actually becomes shorter and more narrow. Dilators help to restore capacity, and they’re easy to use.

Congratulations on deciding to reclaim intimacy with your husband! Best of luck, and we’re here if you have questions along the way.

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Whether you’re using a cream, tablet, or ring to add localized hormones to your vagina, your partner is not absorbing any—no more than he did when you were producing your own hormones before menopause. You (and he!) can feel perfectly confident about your use of these products, and your intimacy will benefit from the increased comfort you’re likely to experience.

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A burning sensation in the vaginal and vulvar area can be a symptom of vulvovaginal atrophy, which occurs as estrogen levels decline. Premarin cream or other localized estrogen can reverse those atrophic changes; it typically takes weeks of use for full effect.

If the burning sensation is in or extends further back, toward or including the buttocks, it’s likely not vulvovaginal atrophy. It could be, instead, a nerve condition. Shingles, unfortunately, can happen in this area; there are other pelvic floor conditions—like scarring or injury—that can affect nerves. A careful pelvic exam can help to determine exactly what’s happening.

I encourage you to talk to your health care provider—and again, if you’re not seeing improvement!

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Most women have very normal sexual function without a cervix. I have seen reports that suggest an issue, but in 24 years of practice, I can’t recall a single woman who was impaired by the absence of her cervix.

There are complications that result if the cervix is left after a hysterectomy, including abnormal pap smears and continued bleeding. If there is any remaining endometrium (the membrane lining of the uterus) and you consider hormone therapy in menopause, you will need progesterone as well as estrogen. I’ve seen women less fond of progesterone than estrogen.

Whether you’re able to keep ovaries in a hysterectomy is a bigger issue to sexuality—and in fact overall health—for women. Even after menopause, the ovaries continue to produce hormones. Those hormones not only mitigate some of the effects of menopause, but they also promote bone and heart health. There are times when it’s appropriate to remove the ovaries as part of a hysterectomy, but the decision needs to be made based on each woman’s health and history.

Glad you’re thinking about your continued sexual health, and good luck with your recovery!

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Ouch! That’s a description I hear more often than you think. You’re not alone. Other women also describe the sensation as sandpaper, cutting, burning, or ripping.

When a woman describes that sensation, it’s usually caused by vaginal atrophy, or more likely vestibulodynia/vulvodynia. A careful exam is needed to determine exactly what’s happening; proper treatment can make sex comfortable again.

It’s likely that vaginal estrogen is necessary to make those tissues healthier; that alone may solve the issue. If that doesn’t completely resolve the pain, treatment options for vestibulodynia/vulvodynia should be explored.

The good news is that there is nearly always successful treatment! You can regain the intimacy you’re missing in your relationship.

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Like a number of my patients, you’d like to avoid the disposable applicator that often comes with vaginal moisturizers—whether for environmental or cost reasons (or both!). I know many women prefer to use an applicator: no muss, no fuss. I can’t help but encourage women to reconsider the simplest approach: Wash your hands, apply moisturizer to your finger, and insert it in your vagina. This has a number of advantages—you’re experienced in washing your hands, your finger is warm and able to curve with your vagina, and you’ll know your body better. If you’ve used tampons without applicators or menstrual sponges or cups, you may be entirely comfortable with this method.

But I know our instinctive preferences are hard to retrain. Another alternative that’s worked for patients is to go to the drugstore and check out the syringes for one of appropriate size and cleanability. Note that these are typically designed for single use, so you’ll need to develop your own approach for washing and storing the syringe between uses.

Find a method that works for you! Vaginal moisturizer makes a difference with regular use.

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Remember oxytocin? It’s a hormone that facilitated the let-down of milk when you were nursing, and it’s released with nipple stimulation. Oxytocin also stimulates contractions for the uterus (which is why any of you who had labor induced might recognize oxytocin by another name: pitocin). Outside of childbearing, oxytocin works with other sex hormones to facilitate orgasm and increase the intensity of pelvic floor muscles. Oxytocin levels have also been noted to fluctuate  throughout menstrual cycles, correlating with lubrication.

This is a hormone that has lots of favorable effects on sex! There has been research in using it to enhance sexual function, but there’s not a product readily available yet. Stay tuned!

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“Concern” is a relative term. If you mean should you lose sleep, no. If you mean should you work with your health care provider for an explanation or monitoring, yes.

Pap tests (also called a Pap smear or cervical cytology screening) are used to look for changes in the cells of the cervix; abnormal cells can be identified early and treated appropriately. Pap tests provide information on both whether cells have changed and how much cells have changed, so  ”abnormal” covers a range of possibilities.

The most common cause of abnormal Pap results is HPV (human papillomavirus) infection, and HPV also suggests a range: there are many types of HPV. Some lead to nothing at all, some are linked to genital warts, and some are linked to cancers of the cervix, vulva, and vagina. And, let me repeat, some lead to nothing at all.

When a Pap test returns an abnormal result, it’s typical either to monitor (repeat the Pap test in six months or a year) or to take an additional diagnostic step. A colposcopy is the most common; it sounds scary, but it’s really only a close visual exam of the cervix with a magnifying device. There are several tissue sampling procedures that take cells for additional lab examination.

About 70 percent of mildly abnormal results revert to the “normal” range at the next screening. That said, it’s important to follow your health care provider’s recommendation for a follow-up test. This is not the time to procrastinate on that office visit!

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You describe cramps, not unlike menstrual cramps, after masturbation. Orgasm includes contraction of pelvic floor muscles, and it sounds like you’re experiencing some spasms of those muscles. Radical hysterectomies often require tissue removal or dissection surrounding the uterus and ovaries. It’s likely your spasms are caused within nerves and muscles that are still healing.

I suspect this will improve with continued healing, but using an anti-inflammatory medication like ibuprofen may help relieve the pain. If, three months or so after surgery, when most healing has taken place, the spasms and pain persist, a consultation with a pelvic floor physical therapist may be helpful. They can assess the muscles and nerves of the pelvic floor and often remedy persistent pain.

Continue that healing work! I’m hopeful the pain will resolve itself.

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Estrace is a bio-identical form of estradiol, a plant-based version of the same estrogen made by our ovaries. It comes in two forms—oral (systemic) and vaginal (localized). I use very little oral estrogen in my practice, because we’ve learned that transdermal estrogen (delivered by patch, gel, or spray or other forms that deliver it through the skin) is safer than oral. Because it’s not metabolized by the liver, it doesn’t carry the same risk of thrombosis.

Vaginal Estrace is great from a therapeutic perspective—that is, it’s very effective for treating vaginal atrophy. Because it’s a cream, though, many of my patients don’t love it: Some find creams messy to apply. It’s important to find a form of localized hormones that each patient will actually use!

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